Poarch Band of Creek Indians Tribal Code

Initials                 
Date 5-27-90
[Initials on original document.]

§10A-2-1 SHORT TITLE, PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS

A. Short Title

Title 2 shall be entitled "The Child/Family Protection Code" (Code).

B. Purpose

The Child/Family Protection Code shall be liberally interpreted and construed to fulfill the following expressed purposes:

1. To provide for the welfare, care and protection of the children and families on the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation;

2. To take such actions as may be necessary and feasible to prevent the abuse, neglect or abandonment of children;

3. To provide a continuum of services for children and their families from prevention to residential treatment, with emphasis whenever possible on prevention, early intervention and community-based alternatives;

4. To secure the rights of and ensure fairness to the children, parents, guardians, custodians or other parties who come before the Children's Court under the provisions of this Code;

5. To ensure that off-reservation courts will be willing to return Tribal children to the Reservation by establishing this Code;

6. To recognize and acknowledge the Tribal customs and traditions of the Poarch Creek Indians with regard to child-rearing;

7. To preserve unity of the family, preferably by separating the child from his parents only when necessary.

C. DEFINITIONS

As used in this Code:

1. Abandon - The failure of the parent, guardian or custodians to provide reasonable support and to maintain regular contact with a child. Failure to maintain a normal parental relationship with the child without just cause for a period of six (6) months shall constitute prima facie evidence of abandonment. Custody with extended family members or voluntary consent to placement does not constitute abandonment.

2. Abuse - The infliction of physical, emotional or mental injury on a child, or sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of a child and shall include failing to maintain reasonable care and treatment or exploiting or overworking a child to such an extent that his health, moods or emotional well-being is endangered.

3. Adult - A person eighteen (18) years of age or older, or otherwise emancipated by order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

4. Child - A person who is less than eighteen (18) years old and has not been emancipated by order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

5. Child Protection Team - A team established to involve and coordinate the child protection services of various agencies as set forth in chapter 10A-2-7 of this Code.

6. Court or Children's Court - The Children's Court of the Poarch Creek Indians.

7. Custodian - A person, other than a parent or guardian, to whom legal custody of the child has been given by a Court of competent jurisdiction.

8. Domicile - A person's permanent home, legal home or main residence. The domicile of a child is generally that of the custodial parent or guardian. Domicile includes the intent to establish a permanent home or where the parent or guardian consider to be their permanent home.

9. Emancipation - Is the removal of the disabilities of non-age of a minor child.

10. Emergency Shelter Home - Placement with a family whose home has been licensed to accept emergency placements of children at any hour of the day or night.

11. Extended Family - A person who has reached the age of eighteen (18) and who is the Indian child's grandparent or great-grandparent, aunt or uncle or great aunt or uncle, brother or sister, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, niece or nephew, first or second cousin, or step-parent.

12. Foster Home - Placement with a family whose home has been licensed under chapter 10A-2-24 of this Code.

13. Foster Home Inspector - A person appointed by the Tribe to inspect and license foster homes under chapter 10A-2-24 of this Code.

14. Guardian - A person assigned by a court of law, other than a parent, having the duty and authority to provide care and control of a child.

15. Guardian Ad Litem - A person appointed by the court to represent the child's interests before the court.

16. Guardian of Property - A person appointed by the court to manage the property of a child or incompetent person as set forth in chapter 10A-2-25 of this Code.

17. He/His - The use of he/his means he or she, his or her, and singular includes plural.

18. Incompetent - An insane person or person who is for any cause mentally incompetent to take care of himself and to manage his property.

19. Indian - Any member of the Tribe, or eligible for membership in the Tribe, or the child of a member of the Tribe, or a member of another federally recognized Tribe, or Alaskan Native.

20. Juvenile Counselor - The juvenile counselor or juvenile probation officer or other appropriately titled person who performs the duties and responsibilities set forth in section 10A-2-5 (B) of this Code.

21. Juvenile Delinquent - A child who commits a "juvenile offense" prior to the child's eighteenth (18th) birthday.

22. Juvenile Offense - A criminal violation of the Tribal Code of the Poarch Creek Indians which is committed by a person who is under the age of eighteen (18) at the time the offense was committed.

23. Juvenile Presenter - The juvenile presenter or any other person who performs the duties and responsibilities set forth in section 10A-2-5(C) of this Code.

24. Neglect - The failure of the parent, guardian or custodian to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education or supervision for the child's health and well-being. "Neglect" shall include "abandoned" children.

25. Parent - Includes a natural or adoptive parent, but does not include persons whose parental rights have been terminated, nor does it include the unwed father whose paternity has not been established.

26. Open Adoption - An adoption which is intended not to permanently deprive the child of connections to, or knowledge of, his or her natural family.

27. Permanent Guardian - A guardian who has been granted long term guardianship status as set forth in section 10A-2-25(B) of this Code.

28. Protective Services Worker - The protective services worker, social services worker, law enforcement personnel or any person who performs the duties and responsibilities set forth in chapter 10A-2-6 of this Code.

29. Reservation - The Poarch Creek Indian Reservation.

30. Sexual Abuse - Is sexual contact with a child by an adult or another (usually older) child; it can include oral, anal or vaginal sex; fondling; and rape.

31. Sexual Exploitation - The utilization of another person for selfish purposes; it can include watching; peeping; pornography; and prostitution.

32. Temporary Guardianship - A guardian who has been granted temporary guardian status as set forth in chapter 10A-2-25 of this Code.

33. Tribal Council - The Tribal Council of the Poarch Creek Indians.

34. Tribal Court - The Tribal Court of the Poarch Creek Indians.

35. Tribe - The Poarch Creek Indians.

 

§10A-2-2 JURISDICTION OF THE CHILDREN'S COURT

A. General Jurisdiction

There is hereby established for the Poarch Band of Creek Indians on the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation a court to be known as the Poarch Creek Indians Children's Court. The jurisdiction of the Children's Court shall be civil in nature and shall include the right to issue all orders necessary to insure the safety of children and incompetents within the boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, as well as other children who have been declared to be wards of the Children's Court. The Children's Court shall also have the power to enforce subpoenas and orders of restriction, fines, contempt, confinement and other orders as appropriate.

The Children's Court shall have jurisdiction over the following persons:

1. Enrolled members of the Tribe under the age of eighteen (18) years;

2. Persons under the age of eighteen (18) years who are eligible for enrollment in the Tribe;

3. Indians, as defined in section 10A-2-1(C) of this Code, who are under the age of eighteen (18) and who are residing within the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation;

4. Children of enrolled members of the Tribe or other Indians, as defined in section 10A-2-1(C) of this Code, including adopted children, who reside within the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation;

5. Children residing within the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, for whatever reason, in the home of an enrolled member of the Tribe or other Indians, as defined in section 10A-2-1(C) of this Code, and;

6. Incompetent persons residing or domiciled within the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation.

B. Jurisdiction Over Extended Family

Where the Children's Court asserts jurisdiction over a person under section 10A-2-2(A), the Court shall also have jurisdiction over the person's extended family whenever that Court deems it appropriate.

C. Continuing Jurisdiction

Where the Children's Court deems it appropriate, the Court may retain jurisdiction over children and their extended families who leave the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation.

 

§10A-2-3 TRANSFER OF JURISDICTION

A. Application of the Indian Child Welfare Act

The Children's Court may apply the policies of the Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 U.S.C. §1901-1963, where they do not conflict with the provisions of this Code. The procedures for state courts in the Indian Child Welfare Act shall not be binding upon the Children's Court unless specifically provided for in this Code.

B. Transfer to State Court or Other Tribal Court

In any proceeding before the Children's Court, the Court may transfer the proceedings to an appropriate State Court or another Tribal Court where the state or the other Indian Tribe have a significant interest in the child and the transfer would be in the best interest of the child.

C. Transfer from Other Courts

The Children's Court may accept or decline, under the procedures set forth in this Code, transfer of child welfare cases from other Federal, State or Tribal Courts.

D. Procedures for Transfer from State Court

1. Receipt of Notice - The Tribal agent for "service of notice" of State Court child custody proceedings, as defined by the Indian Child Welfare Act, shall be the Tribal Social Services Director.

2. Investigation and Pre-Transfer Report by the Court Counselor - The Tribal Social Services Department shall conduct an investigation and file a written report with the Court within five (5) days of receipt of notice from the Tribal agent for "service of notice".

3. Recommendations for Transfer or Intervention - The Child Protection Team shall make written recommendations to the Tribal Council on whether or not the Tribe should petition for transfer from or intervene in State Court.

4. Petition for Transfer - The Tribal petition for transfer shall be filed by the Tribal Attorney or Tribal Representative within five (5) days of receipt of recommendations from the Tribal Council.

5. Intervention in State Court Proceedings:

a. The Tribe may intervene in State Court child custody proceedings, as defined by the Indian Child Welfare Act, at any point in the proceedings, and;

b. the Tribal Attorney or Tribal Representatives shall file a motion to intervene within five (5) days of receipt of recommendations from the Tribal Council.

6. Acceptance of Transfer - The Court will not accept a transfer from State Court unless:

a. a parent or Indian custodian's petition to State Court for transfer is granted, or;

b. the Tribe's petition to State Court for transfer is granted, and;

c. the Tribal Social Services Department's pre-transfer report recommends the acceptance of transfer, and;

d. the Tribal Attorney recommends acceptance.

7. Hearing(s) - Upon receipt of transfer jurisdiction from State Court, the Juvenile Presenter shall file a Child/ Family Protection petition, and appropriate hearings) shall be held in accordance with this Code.

E. Full Faith and Credit; Conflict of Laws

1. State Court Orders - State child custody orders of other Courts involving children over whom the Children's Court could take jurisdiction may be recognized by the Children's Court only after a full independent review of such state proceedings has determined:

a. the State Court had jurisdiction over the child, and;

b. the provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 U.S.C. §1901-1963, were properly followed, and;

c. due process was provided to all interested persons participating in the state proceeding, and;

d. the State Court proceeding does not violate the public policies, customs, or common law of the Tribe.

2. Other Tribal Court Orders - Court Orders of other Tribal Courts involving children over whom the Children's Court could take jurisdiction shall be recognized by the Children's Court after the Court has determined:

a. that the other Tribal Court exercised proper subject matter and personal jurisdiction over the parties, and;

b. due process was accorded to all interested parties participating in the other Tribal Court proceeding.

3. Tribal Interest - Because of the vital interest of the Tribe in its children and those children who may become members of the Tribe, the statutes, regulations, public policies, customs and common law of the Tribe shall control in any proceeding involving an Indian child.

 

§10A-2-4 PROCEDURES AND AUTHORIZATIONS

A. Rules of Procedure

The procedures in the Children's Court shall be governed by the rules of procedure for the Tribal Court which are not in conflict within this Code.

B. Cooperation and Grants

The Children's Court is authorized to cooperate fully with any Federal, State, Tribal, public or private agency in order to participate in any foster care, shelter care, treatment or training program(s) and to receive grants-in-aid to carry out the purposes of this Code. This authority is subject to the approval of the Tribal Council if it involves an expenditure of Tribal funds.

C. Social Services

The Children's Court shall utilize such Social Services as may be furnished by any Tribal, Federal, or State agency provided that it is economically administered without unnecessary duplication and expense.

D. Contracts

The Children's Court may negotiate contracts with Tribal, Federal, or State agencies and/or departments on behalf of the Tribe for the care and placement of children before the Children's Court subject to the approval of the Tribal Council before the expenditure of Tribal funds.

 

§10A-2-5 CHILDREN'S COURT PERSONNEL

A. Children's Court Judge

1. Qualification

The general qualifications for Children's Court Judge(s) shall be the same as the qualifications for Tribal Judge(s). In addition, Children's Court Judges shall have prior training and/or experience in child welfare matters.

2. Appointment

The Children's Court Judge(s) shall be nominated by the Tribal Chairman and confirmed by the Tribal Council.

3. Oath of Office of Children's Court Judge

The Oath of Office for the Children's Court Judge shall be the same as the oath of Office for the Tribal Judge.

4. Term of Office

The term of office for the Children's Court Judge shall be the same as the term of Office for the Tribal Judge.

5. Powers and Duties

In carrying out the duties and powers specially enumerated under this Child/Family Protection Code, Judge(s) of the Children's Court shall have the same duties and powers as Judge of the Tribal Court, including, but not limited to, the contempt power, the power to issue arrest or custody warrants, and the power to issue search warrants.

6. Disqualification or Disability

The rules on disqualification or disability of a Children's Court Judge(s) shall be the same as those rules that govern Tribal Judge(s).

7. Civil Immunity of Tribal Judge in Judicial Capacity

No judge shall be liable in any civil proceeding for any utterances or acts made or done by him in his judicial capacity.

B. Juvenile Counselor/Juvenile Probation Officer

1. Appointment - The Tribal judge shall appoint Juvenile Counselor(s) and/or Juvenile Probation Officer(s), with confirmation by Tribal Council, to carry out the duties and responsibilities set forth in this Code. The person(s) carrying out the duties and responsibilities set forth in this section shall be labeled "Juvenile Counselors" and/or "Juvenile Probation Officers."

2. Qualifications - The Juvenile Counselor and/or Juvenile Probation Officer must have an educational background and/or prior experience in the field of delivering social services to youth.

3. Resource Development - The Juvenile Counselor and/or Juvenile Probation Officer shall identify and develop resources on the reservation, in conjunction with the Children's Court and the Child Protection Team, to enhance each Tribal child's potential as a viable member of the Tribal community.

4. Duties

a. make investigations as provided in this Code or as directed by the Court;

b. make reports to the Court as provided in this Code or as directed by the Children's Court;

c. make presentations to the Child Protection Team;

d. provide counseling services; and

e. perform such other duties in connection with the care, custody or transportation of children as the Court may require.

C. Juvenile Presenter

1. Appointment - The Tribal Judge shall appoint Juvenile Presenter(s), with confirmation by the Tribal Council, to carry out the duties and responsibilities set forth in this Code. The person(s) carrying out the duties and responsibilities set forth in this section shall be labeled "Juvenile Presenters."

2. Qualifications - The qualifications of the Juvenile Presenter(s) shall be the same as the qualifications for the Juvenile Counselor/Juvenile Probation Officer

3. Duties:

a. File petitions with the Court as provided in this Code;

b. Represent the Tribe in all proceedings under this Code; and

c. Perform such other duties as the Court may order; and

d. Make presentations before the Child Protection Team.

D. Guardian ad Litem

At any stage of the proceedings conducted under this Code the Children's Court Judge(s) may appoint separate counsel for the child, within the limitations of the budget, without affecting the right to counsel of the parents, guardians or other legal custodians, to act as Guardian ad Litem representing the child's best interests.

E. Additional Court Personnel

The Children's Court Judge(s) may set qualifications and appoint additional Children's Court personnel such as Guardians ad Litem, Court appointed special advocates, children's court advocates, and/or referees, within the limitations of the budget, whenever the Children's Court Judge(s) deems appropriate.

 

§10A-2-6 SOCIAL SERVICES CASEWORKER

A. Power and Duties

1. Social Services Caseworker shall be employed by the Tribal Social Services Department.

2. The Department may cooperate with such state and community agencies as are necessary to achieve the purposes of this Code. The Department may negotiate working agreements with other jurisdictions. Such agreements shall be subject to ratifications by the Tribal Council or its designate.

3. A Social Services Caseworker shall:

a. Receive reports of neglected, abused or abandoned children and be prepared to provide temporary foster care for such children on a twenty-four (24) hour basis, and;

b. Receive from any source, oral or written, information regarding a child who may be in need of protective services.

c. Upon receipt of any report or information under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, immediately:

1. notify the appropriate Law Enforcement agency, and;

2. make prompt and thorough investigation which shall include a determination of the nature, extent, and cause of any condition which is contrary to the child's best interest and the name, age and condition of other children in the home.

d. Take a child into temporary custody if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is suffering from illness or injury or is in immediate danger from his surroundings and that his removal is necessary. Law enforcement officials shall cooperate with Social Services personnel to remove a child from the custody of his parents, guardian, or custodian when necessary.

e. After investigations, evaluate and assess the home environment of the child or children in the same home and the risk to such children if they continue to be subjected to the existing home environment, and all other facts or matters found to be pertinent. They shall determine whether any of such children is a child in need of protective services.

f. Offer to the family of any child found to be a child in need of protective services appropriate services which may include, but shall not be restricted to, protective services.

g. Within thirty (30) days after a referral of a potential child in need of protective services, submit a written report of their investigation and evaluation to the Juvenile Presenter and to a central registry maintained by the department(s).

h. No child shall remain in temporary custody for a period exceeding seventy-two (72) hours, excluding weekends and holidays, unless a Child/Family Protection petition is filed.

B. Limitations of Authority; Duty to Inform

1. Before offering, protective services to a family, a worker shall inform the family that he has no legal authority to compel the family to receive such services and to inform them of his authority to initiate a petition in the Children's Court.

2. If the family declines the offered services, the worker may initiate a Child/Family Protection petition in Children's Court alleging a child in need of protective services if he believes it to be in the child's best interest.

§10A-2-7 CHILD PROTECTION TEAM

The Tribe shall establish a child protection team. Establishment of the child protection team is an attempt, through the involvement and coordination of various agencies, to prevent Indian children from being abused or neglected. In cases where children have been abused or neglected, efficient and effective protective services shall be provided so as to immediately secure the child's safety and health. Follow-up actions shall then to be taken to stabilize the circumstances for the long-term benefit of the child(ren) and, to the extent possible, their family members.

Prevention of child abuse and neglect is to be emphasized. The child protection team is intended to facilitate the identification of danger signs which will prompt immediate intervention and/or preventive actions to be taken. However, when a child's well-being is found to be endangered, the child protection team shall recommend protective services as promptly, efficiently, and effectively as possible. These services are to be provided so as to ensure the child's immediate safety and health. Once attained, to the extent possible, actions are to taken to correct the problems which caused the abuse or neglect and prevent it from occurring again. The child protection team should facilitate the development and implementation of a plan to promote the long-term well-being of the child and the appropriate family members.

The child protection team is technical and advisory in nature. In no way is it intended to undermine the authorities and responsibilities of individual agencies. It is designed to promote cooperation, communication, and consistency among agencies. It is appropriate for the child protection team to debate what actions would best promote the well-being of a child and provide relevant information and advice to decision-making agencies. The Child Protection Team shall facilitate (not hinder) the decision-making process. Confidentiality shall be maintained by all child protection team members.

The duties of the child protection team shall include the development and implementation of procedures for:

A. Providing Oversight

1. Monitor child abuse and neglect activities to ensure that adequate preventive, protective, and corrective services are provided.

2. Review and track all child abuse and neglect cases which have been referred.

3. Investigate cases to determine whether the best interests of the child are being met.

4. Review case plans for their adequacy.

5. Maintain confidentiality of information.

6. Send local child protection team data to area child protection teams.

B. Facilitating Provision of Services

1. Identify available community resources, programs and services.

2. Provide recommendations to various pertinent agencies.

3. Promote cooperation, communication, and consistency among agencies.

4. Provide a forum for debating what actions would best promote the well-being of Indian children.

5. Respond to inquiries from the community, area child protection teams, and other individuals and groups.

C. Providing Technical Assistance

1. Develop standards to determine which cases are to be investigated.

2. Provide information and technical recommendations to decision-making agencies.

3. Educate communities about child abuse and neglect problems and solutions.

4. Identify danger signs which prompt intervention and/or preventive actions.

5. Assist in the development and implementation of plans to promote the long-term well-being of children and their families.

6. Assist in the development and implementation of strategies by communities to create environments which provide opportunities for community members to lead meaningful, productive, self-fulfilling, and rewarding lives. These environments should promote the dignity, self-worth, self-respect, and self-sufficiency of community members.

 

§10A-2-8 DUTY TO REPORT CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

A. Duty to Report - Any person who has a reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been abused, neglected or abandoned shall immediately report the abuse, neglect or abandonment to the Tribal Social Services Department, Tribal Law Enforcement Department or Child Protection Team Coordinator.

When a report is made to any Tribal Department, said Department shall inform the Tribal Social Services Department of the report.

B. Persons Specially Required to Report - Those persons who are mandated, but not limited to report suspected abuse or neglect include any physician, resident, intern, or clinic personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care, or treatment of children; nurse, osteopath, chiropractor, podiatrist, medical examiner, coroner, dentist, optometrist, or any other health or mental health professional (including any psychiatrist, marriage counselor, psychologist); school principal, school teacher, pupil personnel worker, or other school official; social worker; homemaker aide, outreach worker or child protection team coordinator; child day care center worker or other child care staff including foster parents, residential care or institutional personnel; law enforcement official; counselor; judge, attorney, court counselor, court intake officer, clerk of the court, or other judicial system official.

C. Anonymous Reports - Any person who has a reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been abused, neglected or abandoned shall report the abuse, neglect or abandonment, as specified in section 10A-2-8(F). Those persons reporting, except those specified in section 10A-2-8(B) above, may remain anonymous.

D. Immunity from Liability - All persons or agencies reporting, in good faith, known or suspected instances of abuse or neglect shall be immune from civil liability and criminal prosecution.

E. Penalty for Not Reporting - Those persons mandated to report a case of known or suspected abuse or neglect ho knowingly fail to do so or willfully prevent someone else from doing so shall be subject to a criminal proceeding in Tribal Court.

F. Abuse and Neglect Reports

1. Form of Report - Those persons mandated to report under section 10A-2-8(B) above shall promptly make an oral report to the Tribal Social Services Department and then follow with a written report as soon thereafter as possible.

2. Contents of Written Report - The following information shall be included in the written report:

a. Names, addresses, and Tribal affiliation of the child and his parents, guardian, or custodian.

b. The child's age, date of birth and sex.

c. Family composition;

d. The nature and content of the child's abuse or neglect.

e. Previous abuse or neglect of the child or his siblings, if known.

f. The name, age, and address of the person alleged to be responsible for the child's abuse or neglect, if known.

g. The Source of the report;

h. The name and address of the person or agency making the report.

i. The actions taken by the reporting source, including:

a. the taking of color photographs and/or x-rays;

b. removing the child from his home;

c. notifying the coroner or medical examiner;

d. any court actions.

3. Photograph of Visible Trauma - Those persons mandated to report suspected abuse or neglect may photograph or cause X-rays to be taken of the child suspected of abuse, and such photographs or X-rays may be introduced in to evidence at a hearing. Such photographs or X-rays must be kept confidential.

G. Central Registry - The Department of Social Services and/or Law Enforcement Department shall maintain a central registry of reports, investigations and evaluations made under this Code. The registry shall contain the information furnished by Tribal personnel throughout the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, including protective service workers, probation officers, caseworkers and Indian Child Welfare Program employees. Data shall be kept in the central registry until the child concerned reaches the age of eighteen (18) years (unless the Children's Court orders that individual records shall be kept on file beyond that date in order to protect other siblings). Data and information in the central registry shall be confidential and shall be made available only with the approval of the director of the department maintaining the Central Registry, to the Children's Court, Social Services agencies, Public Health and Law Enforcement agencies, licensed health practitioners, and health and educational institutions licensed or regulated by the Tribe. A request for the release of information must be submitted in writing, and such request and its approval shall be made part of the child's file.

 

§10A-2-9 INVESTIGATION AND REMOVAL

A. Investigation -The child abuse or neglect report shall be investigated within twenty-four (24) hours of the report by the Social Services Department or other appropriate agency, unless the Children's Court directs otherwise.

B. Authority to Remove -If the Social Services Department or other appropriate agency investigating a report of child abuse or neglect finds that the grounds for removal, listed in section 10A-2-9(C) below, have been met, such person may remove the child from the home in which the child is residing and place the child in a ,temporary receiving home or other appropriate placement.

C. Grounds for Emergency Removal - No child shall be removed from the home of the child's parent, guardian or custodian without the consent of the parent, guardian or custodian absent a specific order of the Children's Court, except as follows:

1. When failure to remove the child may result in a substantial risk of death, permanent injury, or serious emotional harm, or;

2. When the parent, guardian or custodian is absent and it appears, from the circumstances, that the child is unable to provide for his own basic necessities of life, and that no satisfactory arrangements have been made by the parent, guardian or custodian to provide for such necessities.

D. Power to Remove - The Social Services Department or other appropriate agency shall have the power to remove a child pursuant to this section provided that:

1. Reasonable grounds existed at the time of the removal to believe the removal was necessary, and;

2. The person removing the child ensures the safety and well-being of the child, until such time as the Children's Court assumes control of the matter, and;

3. The person removing the child complies with the notice provisions contained in section 10A-2-10 of this Code.

 

§10A-2-10 NOTICE OF REMOVAL

A. Notice to the Children's Court - After a child is removed from his home, the person who removed the child shall attempt to contact the Children's Court within six (6) hours. The attempt to contact the Court shall be documented. Actual notice to the Court shall be made, by the removing person, within twenty-four (24) hours of the removal of said child.

B. Notice to the Parent, Guardian or Custodian - The Court shall make all reasonable efforts to notify the parents, guardian or custodian, within twelve (12) hours of the Court knowing that the child was removed. Reasonable efforts shall include personal, telephone and written contacts at their residence, place of employment, or other location where the parent, guardian or custodian is known to frequent with regularity. If the parent, guardian or custodian cannot be found, notice shall be given to members of the extended family of the parent, guardian or custodian and/or the extended family of the child.

 

§10A-2-11 RESTRICTIONS ON PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN

A child alleged to be neglected or abused shall not be detained in a jail or other facility intended or used for the incarceration of adults charged with criminal offenses or for the detention of children alleged to be juvenile delinquents, but may be detained in the following community-based sheltercare facilities:

A. Licensed Foster Home

A licensed foster home or a home otherwise authorized under the law to provide foster care, group care, protective residence, or;

B. Other Licensed Facility

A facility by a licensed child welfare services agency, or;

C. Relatives

With a relative of the child who is willing to guarantee to the Court that the child will not be returned to the alleged abusive or neglectful parent, guardian or custodian without prior approval of the Court, or;

D. Other Suitable Place

Any other suitable place, other than a facility for the care and rehabilitation of juvenile delinquents to which adjudicated children as juvenile delinquents may be confined and which meets the standards for shelter-care facilities established by the Department.

 

§10A-2-12 FILING CHILD/FAMILY PROTECTION PETITION

A. Authorization to File Petition - Formal Child/Family Protection proceedings shall be instituted by a Child/Family Protection petition filed by the Juvenile Presenter on behalf of the Tribe and in the best interest of the child.

B. Time Limitations - If a child has been removed from the home, then a Child/Family Protection petition shall be `fled with the Children's Court within twenty-four (24) following the removal of said child.

C. Contents of Petition - The Child/Family Protection petition shall set forth the following with specificity:

1. The name, birthdate, sex, residence and Tribal affiliation of the child;

2. The basis for the Court's jurisdiction;

3. The specific allegations of abuse, neglect or abandonment;

4. A plain and concise statement of the facts upon which the allegations of abuse, neglect or abandonment are based, including the date, time and location at which the alleged facts occurred;

5. The names, residences and Tribal affiliation of the child's parents, guardians or custodians, if known;

6. The names, relationship and residences of all known members of the child's extended family and all former care givers, if known, and;

7. If the child is placed outside the home, where the child is placed, the facts necessitating the placement and the date and time of the placement.

 

§10A-2-13 INITIAL HEARING

A. Hearing Date of Initial Hearing An initial hearing shall be held regarding the removal of a child within seventy-two (72) hours, excluding weekends and holidays.

B. Purpose of Initial Hearing - The purpose of the initial hearing is to determine whether it is reasonable to believe that continuing absence from the home is necessary to protect the well-being of the child.

C. Advise of Rights of Initial Hearing - During the hearing the Court shall advise the party(ies) of the reason for the hearing and their basic rights as provided for in chapter 10A-2-14 of this Code.

D. Nature of Initial Hearing - The hearing shall be informal in nature. Concerned parties may present evidence relating to the situation. Hearsay evidence will not be excluded at this hearing as long as it is otherwise admissible. The general public shall be excluded from the proceedings. Only the parties, their counsel, witnesses, the child's extended family and other persons determined to be appropriate by the Court shall be admitted.

E. Possible Outcomes of the Initial Hearing - Possible outcomes may be as follows:

1. The Child/Family Protection petition may be dismissed and the child returned to the home.

2. The child may be returned to the home of the parents, guardian or custodian under the supervision of the Court with another hearing within thirty (30) days.

3. The child may be continued in the child's out-of-home placement and a thirty (30) day hearing will be held.

F. Notice of Initial Hearing - The Court shall make all reasonable efforts to advise the parents, guardian or, custodian or any other person deemed necessary by the Court of the time and place of the initial hearing. The Court shall request that the parent, guardian or custodian be present for the hearing. Reasonable efforts shall include personal, telephone and written contacts at their residence, place of employment or other location where the person is known to frequent with regularity. If the Court is unable to contact the parent, guardian or custodian, notice shall be given to members of the extended family of the parent, guardian or custodian and/or the extended family of the child. The notice shall contain:

1. the name of the Court;

2. the name, date of birth and address of the child who is the subject of the initial hearing;

3. a brief statement of the reason for filing the petition; and

4. the date, time and place of the initial hearing.

G. Unresolved Issues - If the problems are not resolved at the initial hearing or the thirty (30) day hearing, the Court will set a date for a formal hearing on the issues. Such date will be no later than ninety (90) days after the filing of the Child/Family Protection petition.

 

§10A-2-14 NOTIFICATION OF RIGHTS

All parties have a right to be represented by an advocate/attorney at their own expense in all proceedings under this Code, to introduce evidence, to be heard on his or her own behalf, to examine witnesses, and to be informed of possible consequences if the allegations of the petition are found to be true. All parties shall be entitled to advance copies of Court documents, including petitions and reports, unless deemed inappropriate by the Court.

 

§10A-2-15 THIRTY (30) DAY HEARING

A. Purpose - A second hearing will be held within thirty (30) days following the initial hearing. The purpose of this hearing is for the Court to reassess whether continuing Court intervention is necessary to protect the well-being of the child.

B. Hearing Procedure - The thirty (30) day hearing shall be held according to sections 10A-2-13(C), 10A-2-13(D), 10A-2-13(E), 10A-2-13(F), and 10A-2-13(G) of this Code.

 

§10A-2-16 FORMAL TRIAL ON THE ISSUES

A. Time Limitation - The formal trial on the issues will be set for no later than ninety (90) days following the filing of the Child/Family Protection petition.

B. Admissibility - The records of the initial hearing and the thirty (30) day hearing shall not be admissible at the formal trial. This shall not be construed to prevent the admissibility of any evidence that was presented at these hearings which would normally be admissible under the Court's rules of evidence.

C. Closed Hearing - The general public shall be excluded from the proceedings. Only the parties, their counsel, witnesses, the child's extended family, and other person determined to be appropriate by the Court shall be admitted.

D. Advise of Rights - During the hearing, the Court shall advise the party(ies) of the reason for the hearing and of their basic rights as provided for in section 10A-2-14 of this Code.

E. Child Witness - If the Court determines that it is in the best interests of the child and does not violate the rights of a party, the Court may allow the child to testify by means of a videotape deposition, closed circuit television or other appropriate method. If the Court does allow these methods to be utilized, the Court shall specifically set out the reasons for this determination on the record.

F. Burden of Proof - The burden of proof lies with the petitioner. The petitioner must prove that the allegations raised in the Child/Family Protection petition are more likely true than not, that is, by the preponderance of the evidence, and that the best interests of the child will be served by continued Court intervention.

G. Outcome of Hearing - The Court will either find the allegations of the Child/Family Protection petition to be true or dismiss the Child/Family Protection petition, unless the hearing shall be continued to a date certain to allow for the presentation of further evidence.

H. Return to Home - The Court may find the allegations of the Child/Family Protection petition to be true, but that out of the home placement is not needed to protect the child. The Court may, however, due to unresolved problems in the home, continue Court intervention and supervision as appropriate.

I. Grounds for Continuing Removal From the Home - The Court may find the allegations of the Child/Family Protection petition to be true and order that the child remain out of the home. The grounds for continuing removal from the home of the parent, guardian or custodian are that:

1. A child has no parent, guardian or custodian available, willing and capable to care for the child;

2. The child has suffered, or is likely to suffer, a physical injury inflicted upon him by other than accidental means, which causes or creates a substantial risk of death, disfigurement or impairment of bodily functions.

3. The child has not been provided with adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education or supervision by his/her parent, guardian or custodian, which is necessary for the child's health and well-being.

4. The child has been sexually abused or sexually exploited.

5. The child has committed juvenile offenses as a result of parental pressure, guidance or approval.

6. The child has been emotionally abused of neglected.

7. The child has suffered, or is likely to suffer, emotional damage which causes or creates a substantial risk of impaired development.

J. Court Order for Continuing Removal - The Court shall specify in its order the necessary intervention and appropriate steps, if any, the parent, guardian or custodian must follow to correct the underlying problem.

K. Return of Child to Parent, Guardian or Custodian - The Court may find the allegations of the Child/Family Protection petition to be true and out-of-home placement necessary, but with the accomplishment of specified actions by the parent, guardian or custodian, the child may be returned absent good cause to the contrary. The Order of the Court will specify actions, and the time frames for such actions, that parents, guardians or custodians must accomplish before the child is returned. The Order will also specify the responsibilities of any support agency or personnel to be involved.

L. Out-Of-Home Placement - The Court may find the allegations of the Child/Family Protection petition to be true and that out-of-home placement continues to be necessary and further that the child may not be returned to the home, absent specific Order of this Court. The Court shall specify what steps the parents shall take to demonstrate their abilities to care for their child, and specify to the parties what factors the Court will consider at a subsequent hearing to determine whether or not the child should be returned.

M. Written Order - The Court shall specify in writing the facts, grounds, and code sections upon which it relied to make its decisions.

 

§10A-2-17 NOTICE OF FORMAL TRIAL ON THE ISSUE

A. Summons

The Court shall issue a summons to the parent, guardian or custodian and such other persons as appear to the Court to be proper or necessary parties to the proceedings. The summons shall require them to appear personally before the Court at the time set for the formal trial.

B. Attachments to Summons

A copy of the Child/Family Protection petition shall be attached to each summons issued to the parent, guardian and custodian. The Court shall also attach a notice to the parent, guardian or custodian which advises them of their rights under chapter 10A-2-14 of this Code.

C. Personal Service

If the parties to be served with a summons can be found within the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, the summons, a copy of the Child/Family Protection petition and the notice of the rights shall be personally served upon them at least fifteen (15) Court days before the formal trial on the issues.

D. Mail Service

If the parties within the exterior boundaries of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation cannot be personally served, and if their address is known, the summons, petition and notice of rights may be served by registered mail with a return receipt requested, at least ten (10) days before the formal trial.

E. Notice to Extended Family

If the Court cannot accomplish personal or mail service, the Court shall attempt to notify the parent, guardian or custodian by contacting members of the extended family of the parent, guardian, custodian and/or the extended family of the child.

F. Service of Summons

Service of summons may be made under the direction of the Court by law enforcement personnel or any person eighteen (18) years of age or older who is not a party to the proceedings.

G. Publication

In a Child/Family Protection case when it appears within the body of the petition or within an accompanying statement that the parent, guardian or custodian is a nonresident of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, or that their name, place of residence or whereabouts is unknown, as well as in all cases where after due personal service or service by registered mail has been unable to be effected, the Court shall direct the clerk to publish legal notice in a newspaper, printed in the county or on the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, qualified to publish summons once a week for three (3) consecutive weeks with the first publication of the notice to be at least twenty-one (21) days prior to the date fixed for the hearing. Such notice shall be directed to the parent, guardian or custodian if their names are known, or if unknown a phrase to whom it may concern, be used and applied to and be binding upon any such person whose names are unknown. The name of the Court, name of the child, the date of the filing of the petition, the date of the hearing, and the object of the proceeding in general terms, shall be set forth. There shall be filed with the clerk an affidavit showing publication of the notice. The publication of the notice shall be paid by the Court. The publication of the notice shall be deemed equivalent to personal service upon all persons known or unknown who have been designated as provided in this section.

H. Contempt Warning

The summons issued by the Court shall conspicuously display the words:

NOTICE, VIOLATION OF THIS ORDER IS SUBJECT TO PROCEEDINGS FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT PURSUANT TO TRIBAL CODE SECTION 8-6-7. THE COURT MAY FIND THE PARENT, GUARDIAN OR CUSTODIAN IN CONTEMPT FOR FAILURE TO APPEAR AT A COURT HEARING OR FOR FAILURE TO FOLLOW COURT ORDERS.

 

§10A-2-18 DEFAULT JUDGMENT

A. When Appropriate - If the parent, guardian or custodian fail to appear for the formal trial, the Court may find the parent, guardian or custodian in default, and enter a default order of Child/ Family Protection and order necessary intervention and appropriate steps the parents, guardian or custodian mush follow to correct the underlined problem.

B. Notice Determination - Prior to finding a parent, guardian or custodian in default, the Court must be satisfied actual notice has been given or that all reasonable possible steps have been taken to provide notice of the formal trial to the parent, guardian or custodian. The Court must also find that the petitioner can prove the elements of the Child/Family Protection petition.

C. Written Order - If the parent, guardian or custodian is found in default, the Court shall specify the facts, grounds, and Code sections upon which it relied to make the decision.

 

§10A-2-19 SIX (6) MONTH REVIEW

A. Review Requirement - The status of all children subject to a Child/Family Protection code shall be reviewed by the Court at least every six (6) months at a hearing to determine whether Court supervision shall continue, except that the first review following a formal trial on the issues shall be held within ninety (90) days of the formal trial on the issues.

B. Return to Home - A child shall be returned home at the review hearing unless the Court finds that a reason for removal as set forth in section 10A-2-16(I) of this Code still exists. The Court may, however, due to unresolved problems in the home, continue Court intervention and supervision as appropriate.

C. Written Order - If continued Court intervention is determined to be necessary, the Court shall set forth the following in a written order:

1. What services have been provided or offered to the parent, guardian, or custodian, to help correct the underlying problem(s).

2. The extent to which the parent, guardian, or custodian has visited or contacted the child, any reason why such visitation and/or contact has been infrequent or not otherwise occurred.

3. Whether the parent, guardian or custodian is cooperative with the Court.

4. Whether additional services should be offered to the parent, guardian or custodian.

5. Whether the parent, guardian or custodian should be required to participate in any additional programs to help correct the underlying problems.

6. When the return of the child can be expected.

D. Additional Steps - The Court at the review hearing may order that a petition to terminate the parent/child relationship be filed, or that a guardianship petition be filed.

 

§10A-2-20 SOCIAL SERVICES REPORT

A. Requirement of a Social Study - To aid the Court in its decision, a social study(ies) consisting of a written evaluation of matters relevant to the disposition of the case shall be made by the Social Services Department or agencies involved.

B. Contents of a Social Study - The social study shall include the following points, and be made available to the Court and the parties as deemed appropriate by the Court, three (3) days prior to a Child/Family Protection review hearing:

1. A summary of the problem(s).

2. What steps, if any, have the parent, guardian, custodian or Social Services personnel already taken to correct the problem(s).

3. What services could be of benefit to the parent, guardian or custodian, but are not available in the community.

4. A report on how the child is doing in his/her current placements) since the last hearing. If there have been any moves, the report will contain the reason for such moves.

5. Dates of contacts with parent, guardian or custodian and the child since the first hearing was held, method of contact, duration and subjects discussed.

6. If there have been no contacts with the parent, guardian, custodian or social worker, what efforts have been made to contact such parties.

7. An assessment of when the child is expected to return home.

8. A list of who the extended family members are and a list of contacts, or attempts to contact such family members regarding placement of child.

9. A case plan developed by the Social Service personnel, which will include recommendations for the next six (6) months. Such recommendations will include:

a. A treatment plan for the parents.

b. Future placement of the child.

c. What services should be provided for the child, if services are needed.

 

§10A-2-21 PLACEMENT PREFERENCES

A. Least Restrictive Setting - If a child cannot be returned home, the child shall be placed in the least restrictive setting which most approximates a family and in which his special needs, if any, may be met. The child shall also be placed within reasonable proximity to his home, taking into account any special needs of the child. The placement restrictions set forth in chapter 10A-2-11 of this Code shall be followed.

B. Order of Preferences - Whenever appropriate, a child shall be placed in a home with the following characteristics, which shall be given preference in the following order:

1. Members of the extended family.

2. An Indian family of the same Tribe as the child.

3. People who have a relationship with the child, but who are not related to the child.

4. An Indian family.

5. Any other family which can provide a suitable home for such a child.

 

§10A-2-22 EMANCIPATION

A child over the age of sixteen (16) may petition the Court for emancipation. The Court shall grant such status when the child proves to the Court that the child is capable of functioning as an independent and responsible member of the community.

 

§10A-2-23 AUTHORIZATION OF MEDICAL TREATMENT

At any time whether or not a child is under the authority of the Court, the Court may authorize medical or surgical care of a child when:

A. Unavailability of Parent, Guardian or Custodian - A parent, legal guardian or custodian is not immediately available and cannot be found after reasonable effort in the circumstances of the case, or;

B. Life Endangerment - A physician informs the Court orally or in writing that in his professional opinion, the life of the child would be greatly endangered without certain treatment and the parent, guardian or other custodian refuses or fails to consent. If time allows in a situation of this type, the Court shall cause every effort to be made to grant the parent(s), guardian or custodian an immediate informal hearing, but this hearing shall not be allowed to further jeopardize the child's life.

In making its order the Court shall give due consideration to any treatment being given the child by prayer through spiritual means alone or through other methods approved by tribal customs or traditions or religions, if the child or his parent, guardian or legal custodian are adherents of a bona fide religious denomination that relies exclusively on this form of treatment in lieu of medical treatment, or practices in fact the tribal customs or traditions or religion upon which is relied for such treatment of the child.

After entering any authorization under this section, the Court shall reduce the circumstances, finding and authorization in writing and enter it in the records of the Court and shall cause a copy of the authorization to be given to the physician or hospital, or both (including a copy to the department of agency who retains custody of said child), that was involved.

Oral authorization by the Court is sufficient for care or treatment to be given and shall be accepted by any physician or hospital. No physician or hospital nor any nurse, technician or other person under the direction of such physician or hospital shall be subject to criminal or civil liability in the Court for performance of care or treatment in reliance on the Court's authorization, and any function performed thereunder shall be regarded as if it were performed with the child's and the parent's authorization.

 

§10A-2-24 FOSTER HOME LICENSING PROCEDURES

A. Purpose - The Poarch Creek Indians Social Services Department has been charged, with the responsibility of establishing and maintaining homes for the care of dependent or neglected minor children; and upon placing said children in approved Foster Homes, to supervise the care and the treatment of said children.

B. Inspection and Licensing Procedures

1. The Tribal Council shall appoint one or more persons as the Foster Home Inspector (s). The Foster Home Inspector shall examine homes of Tribal members and others who reside both on the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation and within a seventy-five (75) mile radius of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, to determine the suitability of said home as a perspective Foster Home. The Foster Home Inspector shall submit a recommendation to the Tribal Council which shall act upon said recommendation within forty-five (45). A Foster Home license may be issued for not more than a three (3) year period.

2. Except under exceptional circumstances, or in order to preserve a family unit, no foster home may accept more than four (4) foster placements.

3. Any license issued by the Tribal Council shall apply only to the residences) where the family is living at the time application for a license is made, and a permanent change of residence automatically terminates the license. The foster care parents are required to notify the Foster Care Inspector whenever a change of residence is contemplated.

4. The foster care parents must also notify the Foster Care Inspector whenever a change in the household occurs. For example, if one of the foster care parents is convicted or is accused of a major crime or if one of the foster parents moves out of the residence, or if any other person moves into the residence, the foster care inspector must be informed within forty-eight (48) hours.

B. Waiver - Specific regulations may be waived with the approval of the Tribal Council, according to the procedure established for such a waiver, provided that the health and safety of the children) is assured. The granting of a waiver shall not constitute a precedent for any other Foster Home. No waiver shall be valid for more than one year.

B. Foster Home Requirement

1. The Foster Home shall be located in a neighborhood/Indian Community which is suitable and favorable to the general welfare of the foster child or children.

2. The home shall be constructed, arranged and maintained so as to provide for the health and safety of all occupants. The Foster Care Inspector may, upon twenty-four (24) hours' notice, inspect a foster care dwelling at any time.

3. Heating, ventilation, and light shall be sufficient to provide a comfortable, airy atmosphere. Furnishings and housekeeping shall be adequate to protect the health and comfort of the foster child.

4. Comfortable beds shall be provided for all members of the family. Sleeping rooms must provide adequate opportunities for rest. Ally sleeping rooms must have a window of a type that may be opened readily and may be used for evacuation in case of fire.

5. Play space shall be available and free from hazards which might be dangerous to the life or health of this child.

C. The Foster Family

1. All members of the household must be in such physical and mental health as will not detrimentally effect either the health of the child or the quality and manner of his care.

2. Members of the foster family shall be of good character and habits. They must never have been convicted of a sex offense and may not have any felony convictions within the last three (3) years. Exceptions concerning non-sexual felony convictions can be made providing adequate information is provided indicating that a change of character has occurred.

3. The person in charge of the foster home shall be of suitable temperament to care for the children, shall understand the special needs of the child as an Indian person and shall be capable of bringing the child up as an Indian person who is well adjusted and able to get along both within the Tribal community and in the surrounding non-Indian community as well.

4. Foster parents shall be responsible, mature individuals who are, in the view of most community members, of good character. Foster parents must be at least twenty-one (21) years old (unless a member of the child's extended family), but there is no upper age level provided the foster parent has the physical and emotional stamina to deal with the care and guardianship of a foster child. The foster parent must be willing, when necessary, to cooperate with the biological parent and must be willing to help the family reestablish the necessary family ties.

5. A foster home does not necessarily have to have both a male and female foster parent. The Tribal Council may, at their discretion, certify a foster home with a single foster parent provided that foster parent displays the outstanding qualities necessary to raise a foster child.

6. The foster parents must have an income sufficient to care for all individuals in the foster home. The Foster Care Inspector can take into account the tribal or state stipend when determining the financial ability of the foster care parents.

7. Any time a pre-school foster child is placed in a foster home there must be at least one (1) foster parent in full time attendance, unless alternative arrangements are approved by Tribal Council. For school age children the foster parent must show the arrangements which will be made for those periods of time when both foster parents are employed. Infants and young children shall never be left alone without competent supervision.

8. Without specific approval by the Tribal Council, a foster home shall not be licensed whenever any member of the family is mentally ill or on convalescent status from a mental hospital or is on parole or probation or is a inmate of a penal or correctional institution.

9. The standards the Foster Care Inspector shall use in judging the above criteria shall be those of the Poarch Creek Indian Foster Home Policy and Procedures.

10. The Foster Care Inspector is authorized to make a complete investigation to determine the adequacy of the foster care home. The inspector shall be authorized to examine not only the potential foster care parents, but also any other Tribal member who is familiar with the applicants and is familiar with the type of care they provide to their children.

D. The Foster Child

1. The daily routine of a foster child shall be such as to promote good health, rest and play habits.

2. The responsibility for a child's health care shall rest with the foster parents. In case of sickness or accident to a child, immediate notice shall be given to the Social Services Department. Foster care parents may consent to surgery or other treatment in a medical emergency.

3. The foster care parents shall not subject the child to verbal abuse, derogatory remarks about himself, his natural parents or relatives, or to threats to expel the child from the foster home. No child shall be deprived of meals, mail or family visits as a method of discipline. When discipline or punishment must be administered, it shall be done with understanding and reason. The method of punishment will be that which is accepted by the people of the Poarch Creek Indian community.

 

§10A-2-25 GUARDIANSHIP

A. Purpose

The Children's Court, when it appears necessary or convenient, may appoint guardians for the persons and/or property of either children under the Court's jurisdiction or incompetents who have no guardian legally appointed by will or deed. Such appointment may be made on the petition of a relative or other person on behalf of the child or incompetent, or a petition of the child if at least fourteen (14) years of age. Before making such appointment, the Court must cause such notice as the Court deems reasonable to be given to any person having the care of the child, and to such other relatives of the child residing on the reservation as the Court may deem proper, and in cases of adult incompetents, the Court may cause notice to be given to the incompetent at least five (5) days before hearing the petition.

If a child is under the age of fourteen (14) years, the Court may nominate or appoint his guardian. If he is fourteen (14) years of age or older, he may nominate his own guardian who, if approved by the Court, must be appointed accordingly. If the guardian nominated by the child is not approved by the Court, or if the child resides outside of the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation, or if, after being duly cited by the Court, he neglects for ten (10) days to nominate a suitable person, the Court may nominate and appoint the guardian in the same manner as if the child were under the age of fourteen (14) years.

When a guardian has been appointed by the Court for a child under the age of fourteen (14) years, the child, at any time after he attains that age, may nominate his own guardian, subject to the approval of the Court. A guardian appointed may as specified by the Court have the custody and care of the education of the child and the care and management of his property until such child arrives of the age of eighteen (18), marries, is emancipated by the Court under chapter 10A-2-22 of this Code, or until the guardian is legally discharged, provided, however, that said guardian shall not have the authority, without express written consent of the Court, to dispose of any real or personal property of the child in any manner, including, but not limited to, the child's Individual Indian Money Account. Said guardian shall also have the authority to consent to the medical care and treatment of the child.

The Court may order that the Court disburse monthly reimbursement payments to the person or agency to whom custody is granted under this Code, provided sufficient funds have been appropriated by the Tribal Council. Said disbursements must be used by the person or agency with custody of the child for the sole purpose of covering expenses incurred in the care and custody of said child and shall not be used for any other purpose. The use of said funds for any purpose other than described in this section shall subject said person or agency to contempt of Court and to any criminal and civil penalties or remedies provided by the Tribal Code.

B. Types of Guardianship

The types of guardianship shall include guardianship of property and/or guardianship of the person. Guardianship of the person shall include both the temporary guardianship and permanent guardianship.

C. Guardianship of Property

The Court may appoint a guardian of the property of a child or incompetent person under such terms and conditions as the Court sets forth in the written Order. The guardianship may cover all property until the child reaches eighteen (18) years of age or until the incompetent person becomes competent or it may be limited to only specific property or a specific legal action as set forth in the written Order. A temporary or permanent guardianship of the person may also include guardianship of the child's property if set forth in the written Order.

D. Permanent Guardianship

The Court may appoint a permanent guardian for the child under such terms and conditions as the Court sets forth in the written Order. Permanent guardianship provides for permanent custody of a child to someone other than the parent(s), although there is no termination of the parental rights of the parents. There shall be a presumption of continued permanent guardianship in order to provide stability for the child. Permanent guardianship shall only be terminated based upon the unsuitability of the permanent guardian(s) rather than the competency or suitability of the parent(s). The parent(s) and the child's extended family shall be granted liberal visitation rights unless deemed inappropriate by the Court.

E. Temporary Guardianship

The Court may appoint a temporary guardian under such terms and conditions as the Court sets forth in the written Order. A temporary guardianship may be terminated if the Court determines that it is in the best interests of the child to change custody from the temporary guardian to a new guardian or to return the child to the parent, guardian or custodian. The parent(s) and the child's extended family shall be granted liberal visitation rights unless deemed inappropriate by the Court.

F. Who May File Guardianship Petition

Any person may file a petition for guardianship. The petition shall be initiated either by the proposed guardian or by the child if at least fourteen (14) years of age.

G. Contents of Guardianship Petition

The petition for guardianship shall include the following, to the best information and belief of the petitioner:

1. The full name, address and tribal affiliation of the petitioner;

2. The full name, sex, date and place of birth, residence and tribal affiliation of the proposed ward;

3. The basis for the Court's jurisdiction;

4. The relationship of the proposed guardian to the proposed ward;

5. The name and address of the person or agency having legal or temporary custody of the proposed ward;

6. The type of guardianship requested;

7. In the case of alleged incompetent persons, the grounds for incompetency under section 10A-2-25(K); and

8. A full description and statement of value of all property owned, possessed, or in which the proposed ward has an interest (if guardianship of property is requested).

All petitions must be signed and dated by the petitioners, and must be notarized or witnessed by a Clerk of the Court.

H. Guardianship Report

Upon the filing of a guardianship petition, the Court shall immediately request that the Social Services Department or other qualified agency conduct a guardianship report on the proposed guardian and report on the proposed ward. The guardianship report shall contain all pertinent Information necessary to assist the Court in determining the best interests of the proposed ward. No determination can be made on a petition for guardianship until the report had been completed and submitted to and considered by the Court. The guardianship report shall be submitted to the Court no later than ten (10) days before the hearing. The Court may order additional reports as it deems necessary.

I. Guardianship Procedures

The procedures for guardianship hearings shall be in accordance with sections 10A-2-13(C), 10A-2-13(D), 10A-2-14, 10A-2-20 and 10A-2-21 of this Code.

J. Management of Property

In the event that any guardian shall receive any money or funds of any child or incompetent person during his or her term of office as guardian, before taking and receiving into custody such money or funds, the Court must require of such person a bond with sufficient surety to be approved by the Court and in such sum as he shall order, conditioned that the guardian will faithfully execute the duties of his trust, and the following conditions shall form the part of such bond without being expressed therein:

1. To make an inventory of all the estate of his ward that comes into his possession or knowledge and to return the same within such time as the Court may order and;

2. To dispose of and manage the estate according to law and for the best interests of the ward, and faithfully to discharge his trust in relation thereto, and also in relation to the care, custody and education of the ward, and;

3. To render an account on oath of the property, estate and money of the ward in his hands and all the proceeds or interests derived therefor, and of the management and disposition of the same, within three (3) months after his appointment, and at such other times as the Court directs, and at the expiration of his trust, to settle his accounts with the Court or Judge or with the ward if he be of full age, or his legal representative, and to pay over and deliver all the estate, monies and effects remaining in his hands, or due from him on such settlement to the person who is legally entitled thereto.

The funds of any child or incompetent must be used by his guardian solely for the support and education of such child and for the support of such incompetent, and shall be expended by the guardian in a reasonable manner according to the circumstances and station in life of such ward, and in such manner as can reasonably be afforded according to the income and estate of said ward.

If determined to be appropriate by the Court, the written Order may set forth that the child's property may not be used for the child's care, but rather to be managed for the child until the child reaches the age of eighteen (18) or is emancipated by the Court.

K. Incompetent Person

In case of an incompetent person, if after a full hearing and examination upon such petition, and upon further proof by the certificates of at least two qualified physicians showing that any person is incompetent as defined in this Code, it appears to the Court that the person in question is not capable of taking care of himself and of managing his property, such Court must appoint a guardian of his person and estate within the powers and duties specified in this chapter.

Every guardian of an incompetent person appointed as provided herein has the care and custody of the person of his ward and the management of his estate until such guardian is legally discharged; he must give bond to such ward in like manner and with like conditions as before specified with respect to the guardianship of a child.

A person who has been declared incompetent, or the guardian, or any relative of such person within the third degree or any friend, may apply by petition to the Court in which he was declared incompetent, to have the fact of his restoration to capacity judicially determined. The petition shall be verified and shall state that such person is then competent. The Court shall require notice to be given of a hearing upon said petition